What is Sulfur? Keg River’s Key to Healthier Crops and Bigger Yields!

Sulfur is one of nature’s most abundant elements, and it’s crucial for the health of your crops. This powerful, pale-yellow mineral is known for its versatility and is widely used in the agricultural industry. As a vital component of amino acids and protein synthesis, sulfur is essential for plants to thrive.

When used as a fertilizer, sulfur helps improve plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease resistance, leading to healthier, higher-yielding crops. Keg River’s sulfur fertilizers are made from the highest-quality bentonite clays, ensuring that your crops get the most efficient and reliable sulfur available on the market.

Sulfur is naturally abundant in the earth, found deep within the soil, volcanic regions, and even in the oceans. It is extracted from various sources such as underground deposits, oil refining processes, and natural gas production. Sulfur can also be mined from sulfur-containing mineral compounds like zinc sulfide, iron pyrites, and lead sulfide. Keg River ensures that its sulfur is sourced from the cleanest and most reliable stock, giving you the best product for your agricultural needs.

Yes, and the two most important forms for agriculture are elemental sulfur (S⁰) and plant-available sulfate (SO₄²⁻).

Sulfate is the form that plants can readily absorb, and it’s found in fertilizers like ammonium sulfate and gypsum. Elemental sulfur, on the other hand, is not immediately available to plants. It must be converted into sulfate by soil microbes, a process that takes time and depends on factors like temperature, moisture, and microbial activity.
At Keg River, we produce bentonite sulfur fertilizers, which are made by blending elemental sulfur with bentonite clay. This formulation supports gradual dispersion and microbial conversion in the soil, providing a slow, steady release of sulfate to meet crop demands throughout the growing season.

We also offer OMRI-listed products that are approved for use in organic farming systems, making
our line of fertilizers suitable for both conventional and organic operations.

Sulfur is produced globally, but major production areas are concentrated in regions rich in oil, natural gas, and volcanic activity. Sulfur is extracted from various natural deposits, such as sulfur-rich ores, and through industrial processes like oil refining.

Keg River is committed to sourcing sulfur from the cleanest and most sustainable locations, ensuring that every batch meets our high-quality standards. Our sulfur comes from the purest sources, carefully selected for their effectiveness and environmental sustainability.

Yes, sulfur is traded worldwide, as it plays a crucial role in agricultural products and a host of other industries. The sulfur market is global, with significant trade between countries that produce sulfur and those that require it for various applications.

At Keg River, we ensure that our sulfur products are of the highest quality and ready to be used across the North American agricultural market. Our efficient logistics network ensures timely delivery, providing farmers with the sulfur they need to boost crop health and yield.

Yellow sulfur powder is a premium, eco-friendly pest control solution that repels mites, thrips, and other harmful insects while protecting beneficial pollinators. Integrated into an IPM strategy, it reduces reliance on synthetic pesticides, promoting sustainable crop health and fostering a balanced ecosystem for long-term agricultural success.

Elemental sulfur plays a vital role in agriculture as a primary nutrient input—often referred to as the “fourth macronutrient” after nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. When applied as sulfur bentonite fertilizer, it gradually converts to plant-available sulfate (SO₄²⁻) through microbial activity, supplying crops with a steady and season-long source of sulfur essential for protein synthesis, enzyme function, and chlorophyll production.

In addition to its role as a nutrient, elemental sulfur is also used as a soil amendment to lower soil pH in alkaline conditions, helping improve the availability of other key nutrients like phosphorus and micronutrients. By addressing both sulfur deficiencies and pH imbalances, bentonite sulfur fertilizers support stronger crop development and long-term soil health.

In agriculture, sulfur is essential for soil health and crop development, aiding in amino acid and protein synthesis in plants. It improves crop quality, boosts yields, and enhances nutrient absorption by lowering soil pH. Sulfur is especially vital for sulfur-demanding crops like vegetables, legumes, oilseeds, and some cereals.

Sulfur’s primary use is in the production of sulfuric acid, an essential component in many industrial processes. Sulfur compounds also play a significant role in the production of fertilizers, enhancing growth in sulfur-deficient soils. Additionally, it is widely used in the making of pharmaceuticals, rubber, and chemicals.

Keg River’s sulfur bentonite fertilizers—Keg 90S™ and Keg 85S™—offer several advantages over alternatives like ammonium sulfate (AMS) or gypsum:

Keg 85S & Keg 90S offer comparatively very high analysis, low cost per unit and low salt index, delivering logistical benefits, high value as well as seed safety.

Longer-lasting nutrient availability: Unlike AMS and gypsum, which provide immediately available sulfate but are prone to leaching, sulfur bentonite delivers a slow, steady release of sulfate as elemental sulfur oxidizes throughout the season. This better aligns with crop sulfur demands over time.

Improved efficiency: The gradual conversion of sulfur reduces losses and makes these products more economical over the long term, especially in conditions where leaching is a concern.

Soil pH amendment: While AMS offers a mild acidifying effect, sulfur bentonite has a stronger capacity to lower soil pH, making it particularly beneficial in high-pH soils where nutrient availability can be limited.

Sulfur soil amendments are materials added to improve soil properties. These amendments, often containing elemental sulfur, help lower soil pH, making them beneficial for alkaline or calcareous soils. As sulfur converts into sulfuric acid, it enhances nutrient availability and promotes healthier plant growth.

Sulfur is vital in fertilizers, supporting the formation of amino acids and proteins in plants. As an essential nutrient, it enhances plant metabolism and boosts the effectiveness of other fertilizers, like nitrogen and phosphorus.

By addressing sulfur deficiencies with reliable and effective products, Keg River is dedicated to help farmers improve crop yield and quality. Our solutions ensure sustainable, productive farming while keeping your fields thriving season after season.

At Keg River, we see sulfur deficiency as more than just a problem to fix—it’s an opportunity to help your crops reach their full potential. Our advanced bentonite sulfur fertilizers provide a steady, season-long nutrient release that boosts yields, strengthens plants, and promotes soil health. With decades of research and real-world testing behind us, we’re committed to giving farmers reliable, straightforward solutions that make every acre count.

Sulfur fertilizers are crucial for improving plant health and increasing yields by providing sulfur in a form, sulfate, that plants can use. They improve plant health, increase yields, and enhance soil nutrient balance.

Keg River meets diverse crop nutrition needs with products such as Keg 90S and Keg 85S for general use or to be tailored for specific situations. Keg 50S+ combines Ammonium Sulfate and Elemental Sulfur, delivering both immediate and sustained sulfur availability. The sulfate component provides quick uptake to correct deficiencies and support early growth, while the elemental sulfur delivers a consistent release throughout the season.

Keg River meets diverse crop nutrition needs with products tailored for specific situations. Keg 50S+ combines Ammonium Sulfate and Elemental Sulfur, delivering both immediate and sustained sulfur availability. The sulfate component provides quick uptake to correct deficiencies and support early growth, while the elemental sulfur ensures a slow, consistent release throughout the season.

For long-term sulfur support, Keg 85S and Keg 90S offer a gradual conversion of elemental sulfur to plant-available sulfate, supplying crops with a steady nutrient source during critical growth stages—helping to maximize plant health and yield potential.

As a nutrient, sulfur contributes to the formation of vital compounds like proteins and enzymes in plants. It supports photosynthesis and chlorophyll production, enhancing plant resilience and growth. Sulfur’s role as a fertilizer is to supplement soil with this critical nutrient, ensuring plants have access to what they need to thrive. This nutrient is vital for maintaining healthy agricultural soils and achieving optimal crop output.

Sulfur deficiency has become more common in modern agriculture, largely due to cleaner air regulations. In particular, the removal of sulfur from gasoline and diesel fuels has drastically reduced atmospheric sulfur deposition—previously a significant, though unintended, source of sulfur for soils via rainfall.

As a result, crops can no longer rely on ambient sulfur inputs and require more targeted sulfur fertilization. This shift, combined with higher-yielding crops and more intensive farming practices, has increased the demand for supplemental sulfur to maintain soil fertility and crop health.

To address this challenge, Keg River offers eco-friendly fertilizers such as Keg 90S and Keg 85S. These fertilizers utilize responsibly sourced sulfur to enhance soil quality, minimize waste, and promote long-term soil health. Easy to apply, they provide steady nutrients, protect against nutrient loss, and help you grow strong, healthy crops.

Sulfur is vital for wheat production, affecting both yield and grain quality. It enhances protein synthesis and helps produce gluten, an important component of wheat. Adequate sulfur levels improve nutrient absorption and metabolic functions in wheat plants. By ensuring sulfur availability, farmers can maximize wheat yield and produce higher-quality grain, which is essential for baking and other applications.

Plants need sulfur to grow and develop properly. It is a vital component of amino acids, proteins, and enzymes. Sulfur helps with photosynthesis, chlorophyll formation, and nutrient uptake. Without enough sulfur, plants may display symptoms of deficiency, such as yellowing leaves or stunted growth. Ensuring plants receive enough sulfur is crucial for maintaining their health and productivity.

Plants require varying amounts of sulfur, generally ranging from
15-30 lbs/ac (16.8-33.6 kg/ha) (0.04 – 0.08 tons/acre). Crops like oilseeds, legumes, and forages often need more sulfur than others. The specific sulfur requirement depends on soil conditions and crop type. Ensuring the right amount of sulfur is provided through fertilizers or soil amendments is essential for optimal growth and development.

Crops such as canola, legumes, corn, and certain vegetables benefit significantly from sulfur fertilization due to their high sulfur demands. Canola requires substantial sulfur for optimal growth, with deficiencies leading to reduced yields. These crops rely on sulfur to support protein synthesis and improve quality and yield. Regular sulfur supplementation is crucial for these crops to thrive in sulfur-deficient soils.

Keg 90S is a high-purity elemental sulfur fertilizer containing 90% sulfur and 10% bentonite clay. This formulation allows for the slow release of nutrients, making it efficient for long-term crop nourishment. The bentonite component enhances the dispersion and conversion of sulfur into sulfate, which is the form plants can absorb.

Keg 90S gives your crops steady nutrients while improving soil health over time. Its slow-release formula tackles sulfur deficiencies, supports long-term soil enrichment, and minimizes nutrient loss from leaching. Easy to use and reliable, it’s the perfect partner for sustainable, productive farming.

Keg 90S Organic is a specialized version of the Keg 90S tailored for organic farming. Like its conventional counterpart, it contains 90% sulfur bonded with bentonite clay,
which degrades the sulfur pastilles to fine particles in the soil, facilitating a robust conversion rate by soil bacteria.

This fertilizer adheres to stringent guidelines suitable for organic inputs certification. Organic farmers benefit from Keg 90S Organic as it supplies essential sulfur without synthetic additives. It supports organic crop yields by providing sulfur slowly, minimizing runoff and maximizing nutrient absorption.

Keg 85S is another variant that delivers sulfur effectively. With 85% elemental sulfur and 15% bentonite clay,
handling and agronomic performance are improved. The extra 50% of bentonite content makes the pastilles harder/more durable to reduce dust in handling and degrades the pastilles to finer sulfur particles for a more robust agronomic effect.

Keg 85S Organic is crafted for organic agricultural practices, comprising 85% sulfur and 15% bentonite clay. This combination maintains soil integrity while providing necessary nutrients over time. It respects organic farming regulations and contributes to eco-friendly farming methods.

Organic growers find Keg 85S Organic advantageous due to its balanced approach to nutrient delivery, promoting both soil health and biodiversity.

Keg 50S+ introduces a blend of elemental sulfur and ammonium sulfate. Designed to enhance soil fertility, this fertilizer ensures comprehensive sulfur availability. The unique formulation provides a slow release of sulfate through elemental sulfur while providing readily available sulfate. Its versatility makes it suitable for various crops and soil types, addressing specific agricultural needs effectively.

Organic agriculture relies on fertilizers like Keg 90S Organic and Keg 85S Organic. These products are engineered to comply with organic standards, supplying sulfur without synthetic chemicals. They are especially beneficial in situations where sulfur deficiency might impact yield and quality.

By choosing these organic fertilizers, farmers ensure that their crops receive essential nutrients while adhering to sustainable farming practices. Their slow-release nature promotes efficient nutrient use and minimizes environmental impact.

Elemental sulfur is recognized for its cost-effectiveness and high sulfur analysis, making it ideal for correcting sulfur deficiencies. Additionally, the biologically mediated oxidation of elemental sulfur reduces the risk of nutrient leaching, and the low salt-index makes it safe for seeds and soil microbesH3: What Are the Advantages of Bentonite Sulfur Over Other Sulfur Fertilizers?

Bentonite sulfur is a slow-release option that furnishes sulfate throughout the growing season, and into the next. Unlike fast-release alternatives, it resists leaching, which helps in maintaining steady soil nutrient levels. Bentonite sulfur can be applied in the fall (very popular now), winter (even on snow), spring or by post seeding broadcast – all work well! This cost-effective sulfur presents many options to reduce the frequency of application, to save time and labour.

Elemental sulfur is the pure, un-oxidized form of sulfur (as seen on the periodic table) which has many agricultural and industrial applications. With Bentonite Sulfur, Bentonite clay is blended homogeneously with elemental sulfur in molten (liquid) form which is then formed into the familiar pastilles – the split-pea-shaped granules used world-wide as an effective slow-release sulfur fertilizer. After application in the field, the clay component absorbs water and disintegrates the pastilles to yield very fine particles of elemental sulfur – this presents very high surface area for soil microbes to colonize and convert to plant available sulfate (30-40% is converted this season). Pastilles or larger nuggets of pure sulfur (with no bentonite clay) present comparatively low surface area and will have little agronomic effect.

Bentonite Clay plays a crucial role as an ingredient in Bentonite Sulfur fertilizer. Bentonite clay is blended homogeneously with elemental sulfur in molten (liquid) form which is then formed into the familiar pastilles – the split-pea-shaped granules used world-wide as an effective slow-release sulfur fertilizer. After application in the field, the clay component absorbs water and disintegrates the pastilles to yield very fine particles of elemental sulfur – this presents very high surface area for soil microbes to colonize and convert to plant available sulfate (30-40% is converted this season). Pastilles or larger nuggets of pure sulfur (with no bentonite clay) present comparatively low surface area and will have little agronomic effect for the foreseeable future. In addition, it is essential to have a clay that performs in this way – most clays do not. Keg River tested many clays before settling on the high-performing clays that we use.

Degradability describes how thoroughly sulfur bentonite pastilles disintegrate into fine sulfur particles in the soil after being activated by water. If the resulting particle sizes are uniformly small (200 microns or less), bacteria readily colonize the sulfur particles for an efficient oxidation rate and excellent agronomic effect. With poor degradability, the surface area exposed to bacteria is very low, and the fertilizer will not perform.

Smaller sulfur particles resulting from the thorough disintegration of sulfur bentonite pastilles significantly improve crop growth by increasing the surface area available for microbial action. This optimizes the conversion of sulfur into sulfate, the form of sulfur that plants can absorb readily. Smaller particles also enhance the distribution of sulfur in the soil, promoting more uniform nutrient availability across the field. This results in more efficient nutrient uptake, improved plant health, and greater yield potential, making small particle size a critical factor in sulfur fertilizer performance.

Elemental sulfur is widely used to lower high soil pH levels, promoting better nutrient uptake.

Conversion Process : Elemental sulfur (S) is converted to sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) in the soil through microbial oxidation, primarily by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. This process effectively lowers soil pH.

Nutrient Availability : Lowering soil pH enhances the availability of nutrients such as phosphorus and iron, which become more soluble and accessible to plants in slightly acidic conditions.

Soil Testing : Conducting soil tests is essential to determine the appropriate amount of elemental sulfur needed for effective pH management, as soil texture and composition influence the required application rates.

Water plays a crucial role in helping sulfur fertilizers do their job. For bentonite sulfur products like Keg River’s, moisture causes the bentonite clay to swell and break apart,
releasing very fine elemental sulfur particles into the soil, and creating high surface area for bacterial colonization and a robust release rate of plant available sulfate.

Rain, snow, or irrigation helps get this process started. Moisture not only helps break down the fertilizer but also activates the microbes in the soil that are needed for sulfur conversion. Without enough water, this process slows down and the nutrients may not be available when your crops need them most.

Soil microbes play a vital role in converting elemental sulfur into sulfate, the form that plants can absorb. When sulfur particles are released into the soil, microbes oxidize them over time, transforming them into sulfate. This biological process is crucial, as sulfate is necessary for plant growth and development. The activity of microbes is influenced by factors like temperature, soil moisture, and the presence of organic matter. Ensuring that these conditions are optimal will enhance the effectiveness of sulfur fertilizers.

University research indicates that the application frequency of bentonite sulfur (elemental sulfur combined with bentonite clay) depends on factors such as soil conditions, crop type, and environmental factors. Generally, an annual application is recommended to ensure adequate sulfur availability throughout the growing season. The slow-release nature ensures that sulfur is available throughout the season, and can have residual effects, supplying sulfur to crops in subsequent years. Soil tests as part of a sulfur management plan can help guide the appropriate quantity and timing of application.

The conversion of elemental sulfur to sulfate begins when the soil conditions are suitable for bacterial activity. This depends largely on environmental conditions such as temperature and moisture. In warmer, moist soils, the conversion occurs more quickly. As a guideline, sulfur bentonite applied this year will convert at a rate of 30-40% per season, and un-oxidized elemental sulfur carries over for up to 3 years for complete conversion after application in year zero.

Sulfur deficiency occurs when plants lack sufficient sulfate from the soil, often due to reduced sulfur deposition from atmospheric sources, especially in areas with stricter air quality regulations. Other causes include the removal of crops without replenishing nutrients and poor soil conditions that limit sulfur uptake, such as in alkaline soils.

When a deficiency is detected, it’s crucial to address it quickly to avoid negative impacts on crop productivity. Sulfur is essential for the formation of amino acids and proteins, making its availability critical for optimal plant function.

Sulfur deficiency can often be mistaken as nitrogen deficiency. Sulfur deficiency can indirectly
cause a nitrogen deficiency in plants. Sulfur is essential for making amino acids and proteins. Without it, plants can’t properly use nitrogen—even if there’s enough in the soil. This leads to poor growth and symptoms that resemble nitrogen deficiency. To ensure efficient nitrogen use, it’s important to apply sulfur alongside nitrogen, especially in high demand crops and lighter soils. Use a tissue test to check the N:S ratio. Generally, 10 to 15:1 is a good range, but recommendations vary between crops.

Formation and Release:
Sulfur bentonite combines elemental sulfur with bentonite clay, creating granules that swell upon moisture exposure. This swelling disperses sulfur particles, facilitating microbial oxidation into plant-available sulfate.

Leaching and Nutrient Availability:
The slow conversion of elemental sulfur to sulfate reduces leaching risks compared to more soluble sulfur forms. However, once converted, sulfate can leach in certain soil conditions.

Soil pH and Nutrient Uptake:
The oxidation process produces sulfuric acid, which can lower soil pH, potentially enhancing nutrient availability in alkaline soils.

Soil Structure and Microbial Activity:
While bentonite clay improves soil water retention and elemental sulfur provides a medium for microbial activity, its direct role in enhancing soil structure is more pronounced in sandy soils. After sulfur bentonite is applied, soil bacterial populations improve, and the soil then processes future sulfur bentonite applications more efficiently.

No, Elemental sulfur is not considered hazardous and is safe for normal agricultural use. However, with improper handling, or use of low-quality sulfur bentonite products, sulfur dust can create problems. Like other dusts, airborne Sulfur dust it can ignite under the rare conditions of enclosed space, high enough concentration of airborne dust, and an ignition source. One of the most important quality criteria for sulfur bentonite products is very low dust content. A good quality product along with good management and handling practices minimize risks.

It is recommended to avoid the use of abrasive handling equipment such as screw augers, drag chains, or other abrasive equipment. Proper handling equipment recommended include conveyor belts or other equipment that avoid unnecessary ware on fertilizer products. Safety measures, such as proper storage and using protective gear, are vital to prevent accidents.

To handle sulfur fertilizers safely, store them in well-ventilated, dry areas to prevent degradation, and ensure bags are properly sealed. Personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, and goggles, should be worn during application to prevent inhalation of dust and skin contact. Workers should be trained in emergency procedures to handle spills, leaks, or in the event of a fire. These precautions protect both handlers and the environment.

Keg River puts your safety first with smart product designs and easy-to-follow safety guidelines. Our sulfur pastilles are made with premium bentonite clay and advanced dust control systems, ensuring they stay durable and safe to handle. This means less dust, reduced risks, and smoother application for your fields.

To make things even easier, we provide a “Dealer’s Checklist for Safe Handling,” filled with practical tips for proper storage, transport, and use of sulfur fertilizers. We’re here to support you every step of the way, so you can focus on growing healthier crops with confidence.

Reducing exposure to sulfur fertilizers involves using automated spreading equipment and mixing fertilizers in controlled environments, minimizing human contact. Bentonite sulfur products, with lower dust content, can also help reduce exposure during application.

Monitoring air quality around work areas and conducting regular health checks for workers help detect potential hazards early. Providing training on safe procedures and emergency responses further reduces health risks associated with handling sulfur fertilizers.

Elemental sulfur (ES) is generally safe when managed properly, as it remains stable at room temperature.

Following manufacturer guidelines and avoiding direct contact with skin or eyes further enhances safety. Using machinery instead of manual application also reduces risks, allowing for the safe and effective use of ES in agricultural and industrial settings.

Smaller sulfur particles from properly degraded sulfur bentonite work together with soil microbes, helping them quickly turn sulfur into plant-available sulfate that plants can use to grow strong and healthy. This biologically mediated slow release of nutrients throughout the season means healthier crops, better yields, and stronger performance in the field.

Formulated with 90% elemental sulfur and 10% bentonite clay, this product delivers a dependable, season-long source of sulfur. Keg River uses and has always used the best quality bentonite clay that we could find. This along with industry-leading production and dust control measures, ensures consistent quality and results for partners down the supply chain, and growers alike.

Keg River’s fertilizers are made with high-purity sulfur sourced from trusted oil and gas suppliers. This ensures a consistent and reliable product that addresses soil deficiencies effectively. Combined with premium bentonite clay, our formulations provide a controlled release of sulfur to support healthy crop growth and sustainable farming practices.

Keg River secures sulfur from the cleanest, most reliable sources in the oil and gas sector. We prioritize purity to ensure fertilizers deliver reliable results and meet the high standards farmers can trust. This dedication to quality means better nutrient absorption, healthier crops, and peace of mind for growers.

We don’t just deliver fertilizers—we deliver solutions. With an efficient logistics network that ensures products arrive on time, Keg River is your trusted partner. Our team goes the extra mile to help farmers optimize fertilization practices, driving better yields and higher productivity season after season.